What are the 4 elements of Pmtct?
The four components of the comprehensive PMTCT programme endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF are:
- primary prevention of HIV among women of childbearing age.
- prevention of unintended pregnancies among women living with HIV.
- prevention of HIV transmission from a woman living with HIV to her infant.
What drugs are used in Pmtct?
The WHO recommended two approaches (also called “options”) for PMTCT prophylaxis. With “Option A,” pregnant women were to start zidovudine (ZDV) monotherapy during the antenatal period and, around delivery, take a single-dose of NVP with a week-long “tail” of zidovudine-lamivudine (ZDV-3TC).
What is Option B in Pmtct?
In the PMTCT programme they receive a comprehensive intervention to prevent MTCT of HIV. Since 2013, all women enrolled into the PMTCT programme are treated with lifelong ART (option B+) regardless of their CD4 cell count or WHO staging (Zambia Consolidated PMTCT Guidelines) (see Table 1).
What happens Pmtct?
An effective Prevention of Mother to Child Transmissions (PMTCT) programme requires mothers and their babies to: Receive antenatal services and HIV testing during pregnancy. Have access to antiretroviral treatment (ART) Practice safe childbirth practices and appropriate infant feeding.
What is the meaning of Pmtct 2?
Protocol. MSF International AIDS Working Group. Revised August 2017. Page 2.
When should I take antiretrovirals during pregnancy?
If a woman with HIV infection presents late in pregnancy, ART should be initiated immediately, before availability of resistance testing. Initiate treatment as soon as possible, including in the first trimester.
What is Pmtct Cascade?
The PMTCT cascade is a series of key stepwise activities, starting with diagnosis and treatment of all pregnant women, continuing with newborn antiretroviral prophylaxis, and ending with the determination of HIV status of HIV-exposed infants (HEIs) at 18 months of age [10] . …
When did Option B+ Start?
Timing Option B+ rollout: The decision was made to both train providers and transition to Option B+ in all health facilities over a very short time (between July and December 2011).
What are the objectives of Option B +?
Objective: To review the published literature on the cost effectiveness of Option B+ (lifelong antiretroviral therapy) for preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV during pregnancy and breastfeeding to inform decision making in low- and middle-income countries.
How do you calculate Pmtct?
General approach to the problem Ideally, the transmission rate (TR) for MTCT of HIV should be computed as: TR = number of HIV-infected children/total number of children enrolled.
In which trimester of pregnancy is antiretroviral therapy safe?
EFV should not be initiated in the first trimester of pregnancy but may be initiated in the second and third trimesters. There is conflicting evidence of very low quality on the risks of EFV causing neural tube defects [16].